(1) As in the case of homosexuality in the 1970s, it is wrong for psychiatrists and other mental health professionals to label expressions of gender variance as symptoms of a mental disorder and perpetuating DSM-IV-TR’s GID diagnoses in the DSM-V would further stigmatize and cause harm to transgender individuals, already a highly vulnerable and stigmatized population. The issues LGBT activists raised related to GID and the DSM are summarized below:
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These controversies were subsequently taken up in the LGBT press ( Chibbaro, 2008 Osborne, 2008) and shortly afterwards, the mainstream media ( Carey, 2008) and professional newsletters ( Melby, 2009) began reporting about them as well. However, the announcement of the WGSGID appointments and the group’s charge generated a flurry of concerned and anxious responses in the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community and blogosphere, mostly focused on the status of the diagnostic categories of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) of Adolescence and Adulthood and GID of Childhood (GIDC). Prior to the WGSGID appointments, media interest in the DSM process had primarily focused on possible conflicts of interests of psychiatrists with financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry ( Garber, 2007). As part of that ongoing process, in May 2008, APA announced the appointment of the members of the Work Group on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders (WGSGID), one of 13 Work Groups participating in the DSM-V revision process.
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The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is in the process of revising its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), with the DSM-V having an anticipated publication date of 2012 ( Kupfer, First & Regier, 2002 Phillips, First & Pincus, 2003). John Godfrey Saxe, The Blindmen and the Elephant (1873) “We are in a new era in which diagnosis has such social and political implications that one is constantly on the front lines fighting on issues our forebears were spared.” (Copyright © 2009, American Psychiatric Association. Following a discussion of these issues, the author recommends changes in the DSM-V and some internal and public actions that the American Psychiatric Association should take. Similarities and differences in the relationships of homosexuality and gender identity to psychiatric and medical thinking are elucidated. Next is a review of the history of how homosexuality came to be removed from the DSM-II in 1973 and how, not long thereafter, the GID diagnoses found their way into DSM-III in 1980. It begins with a brief introduction to binary formulations that lead not only to linkages of sexual orientation and gender identity, but also to scientific and clinical etiological theories that implicitly moralize about matters of sexuality and gender. This review explores how criticisms of the existing GID diagnoses parallel and contrast with earlier historical events that led APA to remove homosexuality from the DSM in 1973. Other advocates in the trans community expressed concern that deleting GID would lead to denying medical and surgical care for transgender adults. Activists argued, as in the case of homosexuality in the 1970s, that it is wrong to label expressions of gender variance as symptoms of a mental disorder and that perpetuating DSM-IV-TR’s GID diagnoses in the DSM-V would further stigmatize and cause harm to transgender individuals.
The announcement generated a flurry of concerned and anxious responses in the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community, mostly focused on the status of the diagnostic categories of Gender Identity Disorder (GID) of Adolescence and Adulthood and GID of Childhood (GIDC).
As part of that ongoing process, in May 2008, APA announced its appointment of the Work Group on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders (WGSGID). The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is in the process of revising its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), with the DSM-V having an anticipated publication date of 2012.
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